promtail examples

If you need to change the way you want to transform your log or want to filter to avoid collecting everything, then you will have to adapt the Promtail configuration and some settings in Loki. It is used only when authentication type is ssl. (Required). from scraped targets, see Pipelines. The Promtail version - 2.0 ./promtail-linux-amd64 --version promtail, version 2.0.0 (branch: HEAD, revision: 6978ee5d) build user: root@2645337e4e98 build date: 2020-10-26T15:54:56Z go version: go1.14.2 platform: linux/amd64 Any clue? Of course, this is only a small sample of what can be achieved using this solution. There youll see a variety of options for forwarding collected data. Use multiple brokers when you want to increase availability. Obviously you should never share this with anyone you dont trust. # The Cloudflare zone id to pull logs for. time value of the log that is stored by Loki. This is generally useful for blackbox monitoring of a service. refresh interval. # Regular expression against which the extracted value is matched. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. For example, if priority is 3 then the labels will be __journal_priority with a value 3 and __journal_priority_keyword with a . Grafana Course For example, it has log monitoring capabilities but was not designed to aggregate and browse logs in real time, or at all. metadata and a single tag). By using the predefined filename label it is possible to narrow down the search to a specific log source. # The information to access the Consul Catalog API. RE2 regular expression. new targets. You can give it a go, but it wont be as good as something designed specifically for this job, like Loki from Grafana Labs. In a stream with non-transparent framing, The section about timestamp is here: https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/clients/promtail/stages/timestamp/ with examples - I've tested it and also didn't notice any problem. indicating how far it has read into a file. The latest release can always be found on the projects Github page. How to match a specific column position till the end of line? All custom metrics are prefixed with promtail_custom_. # log line received that passed the filter. and transports that exist (UDP, BSD syslog, …). $11.99 # The type list of fields to fetch for logs. Screenshots, Promtail config, or terminal output Here we can see the labels from syslog (job, robot & role) as well as from relabel_config (app & host) are correctly added. Clicking on it reveals all extracted labels. Now, since this example uses Promtail to read system log files, the promtail user won't yet have permissions to read them. The second option is to write your log collector within your application to send logs directly to a third-party endpoint. After enough data has been read into memory, or after a timeout, it flushes the logs to Loki as one batch. prefix is guaranteed to never be used by Prometheus itself. The journal block configures reading from the systemd journal from E.g., you might see the error, "found a tab character that violates indentation". The configuration is inherited from Prometheus Docker service discovery. from underlying pods), the following labels are attached: If the endpoints belong to a service, all labels of the, For all targets backed by a pod, all labels of the. Once the service starts you can investigate its logs for good measure. If Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. as values for labels or as an output. The regex is anchored on both ends. After relabeling, the instance label is set to the value of __address__ by # Optional filters to limit the discovery process to a subset of available. If everything went well, you can just kill Promtail with CTRL+C. message framing method. Promtail has a configuration file (config.yaml or promtail.yaml), which will be stored in the config map when deploying it with the help of the helm chart. Each solution focuses on a different aspect of the problem, including log aggregation. # Describes how to save read file offsets to disk. ), # Max gRPC message size that can be received, # Limit on the number of concurrent streams for gRPC calls (0 = unlimited). Many thanks, linux logging centos grafana grafana-loki Share Improve this question Remember to set proper permissions to the extracted file. # Whether Promtail should pass on the timestamp from the incoming gelf message. log entry was read. GitHub grafana / loki Public Notifications Fork 2.6k Star 18.4k Code Issues 688 Pull requests 81 Actions Projects 1 Security Insights New issue promtail: relabel_configs does not transform the filename label #3806 Closed http://ip_or_hostname_where_Loki_run:3100/loki/api/v1/push. users with thousands of services it can be more efficient to use the Consul API using the AMD64 Docker image, this is enabled by default. For example, it has log monitoring capabilities but was not designed to aggregate and browse logs in real time, or at all. It is typically deployed to any machine that requires monitoring. # When true, log messages from the journal are passed through the, # pipeline as a JSON message with all of the journal entries' original, # fields. You can use environment variable references in the configuration file to set values that need to be configurable during deployment. service port. # PollInterval is the interval at which we're looking if new events are available. They read pod logs from under /var/log/pods/$1/*.log. So add the user promtail to the systemd-journal group usermod -a -G . This is the closest to an actual daemon as we can get. Catalog API would be too slow or resource intensive. Additionally any other stage aside from docker and cri can access the extracted data. As the name implies its meant to manage programs that should be constantly running in the background, and whats more if the process fails for any reason it will be automatically restarted. To fix this, edit your Grafana servers Nginx configuration to include the host header in the location proxy pass. There are other __meta_kubernetes_* labels based on the Kubernetes metadadata, such as the namespace the pod is # The time after which the provided names are refreshed. Each job configured with a loki_push_api will expose this API and will require a separate port. It is used only when authentication type is sasl. If there are no errors, you can go ahead and browse all logs in Grafana Cloud. # Describes how to receive logs via the Loki push API, (e.g. To un-anchor the regex, If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. A tag already exists with the provided branch name. # Optional authentication information used to authenticate to the API server. The relabeling phase is the preferred and more powerful # Note that `basic_auth`, `bearer_token` and `bearer_token_file` options are. Logpull API. # An optional list of tags used to filter nodes for a given service. A Loki-based logging stack consists of 3 components: promtail is the agent, responsible for gathering logs and sending them to Loki, loki is the main server and Grafana for querying and displaying the logs. Everything is based on different labels. Multiple relabeling steps can be configured per scrape # concatenated with job_name using an underscore. Please note that the discovery will not pick up finished containers. your friends and colleagues. Supported values [none, ssl, sasl]. They set "namespace" label directly from the __meta_kubernetes_namespace. E.g., You can extract many values from the above sample if required. running (__meta_kubernetes_namespace) or the name of the container inside the pod (__meta_kubernetes_pod_container_name). Lokis configuration file is stored in a config map. then each container in a single pod will usually yield a single log stream with a set of labels id promtail Restart Promtail and check status. The tenant stage is an action stage that sets the tenant ID for the log entry Client configuration. Each container will have its folder. However, in some Adding more workers, decreasing the pull range, or decreasing the quantity of fields fetched can mitigate this performance issue. Promtail fetches logs using multiple workers (configurable via workers) which request the last available pull range When we use the command: docker logs , docker shows our logs in our terminal. The full tutorial can be found in video format on YouTube and as written step-by-step instructions on GitHub. https://www.udemy.com/course/zabbix-monitoring/?couponCode=607976806882D016D221 If a container Is a PhD visitor considered as a visiting scholar? The Docker stage parses the contents of logs from Docker containers, and is defined by name with an empty object: The docker stage will match and parse log lines of this format: Automatically extracting the time into the logs timestamp, stream into a label, and log field into the output, this can be very helpful as docker is wrapping your application log in this way and this will unwrap it for further pipeline processing of just the log content. The topics is the list of topics Promtail will subscribe to. I like to keep executables and scripts in ~/bin and all related configuration files in ~/etc. To learn more about each field and its value, refer to the Cloudflare documentation. GitHub Instantly share code, notes, and snippets. Promtail will associate the timestamp of the log entry with the time that relabeling phase. To simplify our logging work, we need to implement a standard. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Since there are no overarching logging standards for all projects, each developer can decide how and where to write application logs. # and its value will be added to the metric. The example log line generated by application: Please notice that the output (the log text) is configured first as new_key by Go templating and later set as the output source. Many of the scrape_configs read labels from __meta_kubernetes_* meta-labels, assign them to intermediate labels I try many configurantions, but don't parse the timestamp or other labels. Our website uses cookies that help it to function, allow us to analyze how you interact with it, and help us to improve its performance. will have a label __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_name with value set to "foobar". # CA certificate used to validate client certificate. For example: You can leverage pipeline stages with the GELF target, Octet counting is recommended as the We will now configure Promtail to be a service, so it can continue running in the background. # The Kubernetes role of entities that should be discovered. You can set grpc_listen_port to 0 to have a random port assigned if not using httpgrpc. The target_config block controls the behavior of reading files from discovered Examples include promtail Sample of defining within a profile | by Alex Vazquez | Geek Culture | Medium Write Sign up Sign In 500 Apologies, but something went wrong on our end.. # Period to resync directories being watched and files being tailed to discover. The first thing we need to do is to set up an account in Grafana cloud . The term "label" here is used in more than one different way and they can be easily confused. It is usually deployed to every machine that has applications needed to be monitored. Adding contextual information (pod name, namespace, node name, etc. (?Pstdout|stderr) (?P\\S+?) You might also want to change the name from promtail-linux-amd64 to simply promtail. If a topic starts with ^ then a regular expression (RE2) is used to match topics. Using indicator constraint with two variables. So that is all the fundamentals of Promtail you needed to know. One of the following role types can be configured to discover targets: The node role discovers one target per cluster node with the address Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. # Log only messages with the given severity or above. You will be asked to generate an API key. Creating it will generate a boilerplate Promtail configuration, which should look similar to this: Take note of the url parameter as it contains authorization details to your Loki instance. # Base path to server all API routes from (e.g., /v1/). How to set up Loki? Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. backed by a pod, all additional container ports of the pod, not bound to an This is really helpful during troubleshooting. relabel_configs allows you to control what you ingest and what you drop and the final metadata to attach to the log line. # Optional bearer token authentication information. '{{ if eq .Value "WARN" }}{{ Replace .Value "WARN" "OK" -1 }}{{ else }}{{ .Value }}{{ end }}', # Names the pipeline. While Promtail may have been named for the prometheus service discovery code, that same code works very well for tailing logs without containers or container environments directly on virtual machines or bare metal. Logging has always been a good development practice because it gives us insights and information on what happens during the execution of our code. # Must be reference in `config.file` to configure `server.log_level`. It primarily: Discovers targets Attaches labels to log streams Pushes them to the Loki instance. The portmanteau from prom and proposal is a fairly . Jul 07 10:22:16 ubuntu systemd[1]: Started Promtail service. # TCP address to listen on. The same queries can be used to create dashboards, so take your time to familiarise yourself with them. Are there tables of wastage rates for different fruit and veg? Promtail is an agent which reads log files and sends streams of log data to (ulimit -Sn). Logs are often used to diagnose issues and errors, and because of the information stored within them, logs are one of the main pillars of observability. Will reduce load on Consul. # You can create a new token by visiting your [Cloudflare profile](https://dash.cloudflare.com/profile/api-tokens). The containers must run with Relabeling is a powerful tool to dynamically rewrite the label set of a target A 'promposal' usually involves a special or elaborate act or presentation that took some thought and time to prepare. # The API server addresses. The scrape_configs block configures how Promtail can scrape logs from a series Their content is concatenated, # using the configured separator and matched against the configured regular expression. The original design doc for labels. ), Forwarding the log stream to a log storage solution. is any valid targets and serves as an interface to plug in custom service discovery Once the query was executed, you should be able to see all matching logs. each endpoint address one target is discovered per port. Scrape Configs. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. text/template language to manipulate Promtail is an agent that ships local logs to a Grafana Loki instance, or Grafana Cloud. your friends and colleagues. By using our website you agree by our Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy. Below are the primary functions of Promtail, Why are Docker Compose Healthcheck important. Be quick and share with # The information to access the Kubernetes API. They expect to see your pod name in the "name" label, They set a "job" label which is roughly "your namespace/your job name". To differentiate between them, we can say that Prometheus is for metrics what Loki is for logs. The pod role discovers all pods and exposes their containers as targets. In the docker world, the docker runtime takes the logs in STDOUT and manages them for us. In this case we can use the same that was used to verify our configuration (without -dry-run, obviously). We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. # When false, or if no timestamp is present on the gelf message, Promtail will assign the current timestamp to the log when it was processed. # When false Promtail will assign the current timestamp to the log when it was processed. from other Promtails or the Docker Logging Driver). For instance ^promtail-. The example was run on release v1.5.0 of Loki and Promtail ( Update 2020-04-25: I've updated links to current version - 2.2 as old links stopped working). https://www.udemy.com/course/prometheus/?couponCode=EB3123B9535131F1237F The timestamp stage parses data from the extracted map and overrides the final Ensure that your Promtail user is in the same group that can read the log files listed in your scope configs __path__ setting. # Modulus to take of the hash of the source label values. The match stage conditionally executes a set of stages when a log entry matches Defines a gauge metric whose value can go up or down. Firstly, download and install both Loki and Promtail. You may need to increase the open files limit for the Promtail process Monitoring Can use glob patterns (e.g., /var/log/*.log). Consul Agent SD configurations allow retrieving scrape targets from Consuls s. When you run it, you can see logs arriving in your terminal. If the endpoint is Let's watch the whole episode on our YouTube channel. Now, lets have a look at the two solutions that were presented during the YouTube tutorial this article is based on: Loki and Promtail. After that you can run Docker container by this command. Simon Bonello is founder of Chubby Developer. Download Promtail binary zip from the release page curl -s https://api.github.com/repos/grafana/loki/releases/latest | grep browser_download_url | cut -d '"' -f 4 | grep promtail-linux-amd64.zip | wget -i - The nature of simulating nature: A Q&A with IBM Quantum researcher Dr. Jamie We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. The section about timestamp is here: https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/clients/promtail/stages/timestamp/ with examples - I've tested it and also didn't notice any problem. This solution is often compared to Prometheus since they're very similar. You can add your promtail user to the adm group by running. We use standardized logging in a Linux environment to simply use "echo" in a bash script. This article also summarizes the content presented on the Is it Observable episode "how to collect logs in k8s using Loki and Promtail", briefly explaining: The notion of standardized logging and centralized logging. level=error ts=2021-10-06T11:55:46.626337138Z caller=client.go:355 component=client host=logs-prod-us-central1.grafana.net msg="final error sending batch" status=400 error="server returned HTTP status 400 Bad Request (400): entry for stream '(REDACTED), promtail-linux-amd64 -dry-run -config.file ~/etc/promtail.yaml, https://github.com/grafana/loki/releases/download/v2.3.0/promtail-linux-amd64.zip. # The RE2 regular expression. The last path segment may contain a single * that matches any character directly which has basic support for filtering nodes (currently by node Bellow you will find a more elaborate configuration, that does more than just ship all logs found in a directory. # Supported values: default, minimal, extended, all. Promtail also exposes a second endpoint on /promtail/api/v1/raw which expects newline-delimited log lines. # `password` and `password_file` are mutually exclusive. be used in further stages. How do you measure your cloud cost with Kubecost? Kubernetes REST API and always staying synchronized promtail's main interface. # or decrement the metric's value by 1 respectively. Promtail is a logs collector built specifically for Loki. This file persists across Promtail restarts. Promtail is an agent that ships local logs to a Grafana Loki instance, or Grafana Cloud. Each GELF message received will be encoded in JSON as the log line. Defines a counter metric whose value only goes up. In additional to normal template. changes resulting in well-formed target groups are applied. Brackets indicate that a parameter is optional. sudo usermod -a -G adm promtail. determines the relabeling action to take: Care must be taken with labeldrop and labelkeep to ensure that logs are Rebalancing is the process where a group of consumer instances (belonging to the same group) co-ordinate to own a mutually exclusive set of partitions of topics that the group is subscribed to. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. If all promtail instances have the same consumer group, then the records will effectively be load balanced over the promtail instances. A static_configs allows specifying a list of targets and a common label set Pipeline Docs contains detailed documentation of the pipeline stages. (e.g `sticky`, `roundrobin` or `range`), # Optional authentication configuration with Kafka brokers, # Type is authentication type. and applied immediately. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. They also offer a range of capabilities that will meet your needs. After the file has been downloaded, extract it to /usr/local/bin, Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/promtail.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled), Active: active (running) since Thu 2022-07-07 10:22:16 UTC; 5s ago, 15381 /usr/local/bin/promtail -config.file /etc/promtail-local-config.yaml. # The time after which the containers are refreshed. with your friends and colleagues. The __param_ label is set to the value of the first passed Now its the time to do a test run, just to see that everything is working. Am I doing anything wrong? The JSON file must contain a list of static configs, using this format: As a fallback, the file contents are also re-read periodically at the specified A bookmark path bookmark_path is mandatory and will be used as a position file where Promtail will Verify the last timestamp fetched by Promtail using the cloudflare_target_last_requested_end_timestamp metric. Are you sure you want to create this branch? # Each capture group and named capture group will be replaced with the value given in, # The replaced value will be assigned back to soure key, # Value to which the captured group will be replaced. We want to collect all the data and visualize it in Grafana. # The port to scrape metrics from, when `role` is nodes, and for discovered. It will only watch containers of the Docker daemon referenced with the host parameter. # new ones or stop watching removed ones. Its fairly difficult to tail Docker files on a standalone machine because they are in different locations for every OS. The server block configures Promtails behavior as an HTTP server: The positions block configures where Promtail will save a file In this article, I will talk about the 1st component, that is Promtail. The following command will launch Promtail in the foreground with our config file applied. The assignor configuration allow you to select the rebalancing strategy to use for the consumer group. Get Promtail binary zip at the release page. Promtail is an agent which ships the contents of local logs to a private Loki instance or Grafana Cloud. # The host to use if the container is in host networking mode. # all streams defined by the files from __path__. Each capture group must be named. When scraping from file we can easily parse all fields from the log line into labels using regex/timestamp . The address will be set to the Kubernetes DNS name of the service and respective of targets using a specified discovery method: Pipeline stages are used to transform log entries and their labels. . Are you sure you want to create this branch? Can use, # pre-defined formats by name: [ANSIC UnixDate RubyDate RFC822, # RFC822Z RFC850 RFC1123 RFC1123Z RFC3339 RFC3339Nano Unix. You may wish to check out the 3rd party To visualize the logs, you need to extend Loki with Grafana in combination with LogQL. By default Promtail will use the timestamp when Sign up for our newsletter and get FREE Development Trends delivered directly to your inbox. # Name from extracted data to use for the timestamp. # Node metadata key/value pairs to filter nodes for a given service. # The position is updated after each entry processed. By default Promtail fetches logs with the default set of fields. If empty, the value will be, # A map where the key is the name of the metric and the value is a specific. This is done by exposing the Loki Push API using the loki_push_api Scrape configuration. The output stage takes data from the extracted map and sets the contents of the the event was read from the event log. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Logging has always been a good development practice because it gives us insights and information to understand how our applications behave fully. You can also automatically extract data from your logs to expose them as metrics (like Prometheus). # Describes how to scrape logs from the journal. Promtail is configured in a YAML file (usually referred to as config.yaml) input to a subsequent relabeling step), use the __tmp label name prefix. able to retrieve the metrics configured by this stage. The group_id is useful if you want to effectively send the data to multiple loki instances and/or other sinks. Note that the IP address and port number used to scrape the targets is assembled as YouTube video: How to collect logs in K8s with Loki and Promtail. # Configuration describing how to pull logs from Cloudflare. In the config file, you need to define several things: Server settings. # Label to which the resulting value is written in a replace action. # Address of the Docker daemon. keep record of the last event processed. # the label "__syslog_message_sd_example_99999_test" with the value "yes". Loki agents will be deployed as a DaemonSet, and they're in charge of collecting logs from various pods/containers of our nodes. If you run promtail and this config.yaml in Docker container, don't forget use docker volumes for mapping real directories # or you can form a XML Query. Threejs Course Now we know where the logs are located, we can use a log collector/forwarder. # regular expression matches. Services must contain all tags in the list. They "magically" appear from different sources. A tag already exists with the provided branch name. The file is written in YAML format, Currently only UDP is supported, please submit a feature request if youre interested into TCP support. To specify how it connects to Loki. for them. # This location needs to be writeable by Promtail. with log to those folders in the container. Also the 'all' label from the pipeline_stages is added but empty. Offer expires in hours. # Label map to add to every log line read from the windows event log, # When false Promtail will assign the current timestamp to the log when it was processed. # Optional HTTP basic authentication information. They are set by the service discovery mechanism that provided the target sequence, e.g. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. # The RE2 regular expression. mechanisms. Pushing the logs to STDOUT creates a standard. Labels starting with __ will be removed from the label set after target and vary between mechanisms. The cloudflare block configures Promtail to pull logs from the Cloudflare which automates the Prometheus setup on top of Kubernetes. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide, how to promtail parse json to label and timestamp, https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/clients/promtail/pipelines/, https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/clients/promtail/stages/timestamp/, https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/clients/promtail/stages/json/, How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability. By default, the positions file is stored at /var/log/positions.yaml. The example was run on release v1.5.0 of Loki and Promtail (Update 2020-04-25: I've updated links to current version - 2.2 as old links stopped working). It is also possible to create a dashboard showing the data in a more readable form.