A corporation or labor organization may make campaign contributions from its own property to a political committee that has filed an affidavit with the committee's campaign treasurer appointment in accordance with Section 252.003(a)(4) or 252.0031(a)(2). Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 479, Sec. Sec. Similarly, Republicans had raised on average $152,953, while Democrats had raised on average $119,046. Why? Sec. 76.02, eff. 3233), Sec. - Labor contributed more money to Democrats than to Republicans (Registered lobbyists: How does Texas compare? Solve each equation for the variable suggested: (a) q=0.15p+0.14q=0.15 p+0.14q=0.15p+0.14 for ppp (supply of rice in India), (b) S=+PS=\alpha+\beta PS=+P for PPP (supply function), (c) A=12ghA=\frac{1}{2} g hA=21gh for ggg (the area of a triangle), (d) V=43r3V=\frac{4}{3} \pi r^3V=34r3 for rrr (the volume of a ball), (e) AKL=Y0A K^\alpha L^\beta=Y_0AKL=Y0 for LLL (production function). In the early 20th century _____ areas were generally over presented in many state legislatures. LIMITATION ON CONTRIBUTION BY OUT-OF-STATE COMMITTEE. ~~~~~\text{Sporting events/recreation} & & 32.00 & 32.00\\ Critics have accused it of being -. September 1, 2007. (c) An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree. 384 (H.B. September 27, 2019. (e) This section does not apply to an out-of-state political committee unless the committee is subject to Chapter 252 under Section 251.005. (b) A specific-purpose committee that accepts a political contribution may not convert the contribution to the personal use of a candidate, officeholder, or former candidate or officeholder. CONTRIBUTION FROM CORPORATION OR LABOR ORGANIZATION. (b) For purposes of this subchapter, the members of the associations specified by Subsection (a) are considered to be stockholders. CORPORATE LOANS. (e) This section does not prohibit the payment of interest on loans covered by this section at a commercially reasonable rate, except that interest on loans from a candidate's or officeholder's personal funds or on loans from the personal funds of any person related to the candidate or officeholder within the second degree by affinity or consanguinity is included in the amount prescribed by Subsection (a), (b), or (c). 1, eff. (b) A political committee assisted by a corporation or labor organization under Section 253.100 commits an offense if it accepts or uses money or any other thing of value that is known by a member or officer of the political committee to have been obtained in violation of Subsection (a). Research: Josh Altic Vojsava Ramaj Why or why not? Correct Answer(s) ~~~~~\text{Clothing } & & 40.00 & 31.75\\ Powers similar to those of the Speaker of the House, Does not have to be from the same party that controls Texas Senate. 3233), Sec. Sept. 1, 1997. Despite the attention paid to lobbyists by business interests, the interest groups that spend the most on lobbying are public interest groups. (3) "Judicial district" means the territory from which a judicial candidate is elected or appointed. Sept. 1, 2003. the candidates' political party. The current make-up of the Texas Legislature is as follows: There are 31 Senators in the Texas State Senate. 426 (H.B. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. June 2, 2019. September 1, 2019. appoints all members of standing committees. RESTRICTIONS ON CONTRIBUTIONS DURING AND FOLLOWING REGULAR LEGISLATIVE SESSION. 3233), Sec. 479, Sec. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. An interest group is called a(n) - when it is organized as an umbrella organization that seeks to coordinate the various activities of member groups in a number of targeted areas. A state senator that usually considers all the options and chooses the one he or she believes is the best is demonstrating the ____ representational role. 3066), Sec. (a) A write-in candidate for judicial office or a specific-purpose committee for supporting a write-in candidate for judicial office may not knowingly accept a political contribution before the candidate files a declaration of write-in candidacy. As of the 2020 Census, Texas state senators represented an average of 940,177 residents. CERTAIN CONTRIBUTIONS AND EXPENDITURES BY LOBBYISTS RESTRICTED. ranks second in the nation in population size and land size Texas made up 45% of the state's population. (e) Reasonable attorney's fees incurred in the suit may be awarded to the defendant if judgment is rendered in the defendant's favor. Minors. What percentage of the Texas House of Representatives is elected during a presidential election year? Led by the oil and gas industry, this sector regularly pumps the vast majority of its campaign contributions into Republican coffers.Even as other traditionally GOP-inclined industries have shifted somewhat to the left, this sector has remained rock-solid red. Across all contested General elections, candidates raised $51.2 million. September 1, 2007. (2) the fifth day after the date the contribution is received. 552, Sec. 3.96 & 4.36 \\ (A) a person designated "of counsel" or "of the firm"; (B) a partner of the law firm, whether an individual or an entity; (D) a shareholder of the law firm, whether an individual or an entity; or. Commissioning, which is when a group of appointed people draw out district maps that must be accepted by the legislature and are subject to review by the courts. June 2, 2019. Jan. 1, 1992. such as textbooks, contact OpenSecrets: info[at]crp.org. On . "Pete Smith"). (4) any other matter that justice may require. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. Click here to contact our editorial staff, and click here to report an error. (e) In this section, "legislative caucus" means an organization that is composed exclusively of members of the legislature, that elects or appoints officers and recognizes identified legislators as members of the organization, and that exists for research and other support of policy development and interests that the membership hold in common. Sec. Correct answers: OFFICEHOLDER CONTRIBUTIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH CAMPAIGN. 253.134. Corporation Contribution Limits Twenty-three states completely prohibit corporations from contributing to political campaigns. TITLE 15. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. Which of the following is a type of media that includes advertising in newspapers, magazines, and direct mail? Which Legislative function is the committee demonstrating? 1), Sec. About the office Members of the Texas House of Representatives serve two-year terms and are not subject to term limits. 384 (H.B. Sept. 1, 1997. "Dark money," or political money where the donors of the money do not have to be disclosed, originated in which U.S. Supreme Court case? Only contributions to Democrats and Republicans or liberal and conservative outside groups are included in calculating the percentages the donor has given to either party. 253.035. How long is the Texas legislative session? Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1, eff. (c) A judicial candidate or a specific-purpose committee for supporting or opposing a judicial candidate may not use a political contribution to knowingly make a political contribution to a political committee that, when aggregated with each other political contribution to a political committee in connection with a general election, exceeds $500. 2359), Sec. 3233), Sec. (b) Following certification of population under Subsection (a), the commission or county clerk, as appropriate, shall make available to each candidate for an office covered by this subchapter written notice of the contribution limits applicable to the office the candidate seeks. A century or more ago, many states in the U.S. decided to adopt popular elections as their way of selecting their judges. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. C. By throwing packages to save time 209 (H.B. Jan. 1, 1992; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. They have intimate knowledge of the government process. 2677), Sec. Feel free to distribute or cite this material, but please credit OpenSecrets. What is the main factor that affects bond prices? Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. In general, Texas has relatively - rates of civic engagement. The date indicated by the post office cancellation mark or the common or contract carrier documents is considered to be the date the contribution was placed in the mail or delivered to the common or contract carrier unless proven otherwise. 5.06, eff. - Of the eleven major types of groups discussed, all contribute more donations to Republicans than Democrats in the Texas legislature. What is the only state had more constituents per senator? Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. (a) A corporation may not make a loan to a candidate, officeholder, or political committee for campaign or officeholder purposes unless: (1) the corporation has been legally and continuously engaged in the business of lending money for at least one year before the loan is made; and. listing an individual's name as a sponsor of an organization 253.036. CONTRIBUTION TO CERTAIN COMMITTEES CONSIDERED CONTRIBUTION TO CANDIDATE OR OFFICEHOLDER. A contribution made by United States mail or by common or contract carrier is not considered received during that period if it was properly addressed and placed with postage or carrier charges prepaid or prearranged in the mail or delivered to the contract carrier before the beginning of the period. 2, eff. Who has raised the most money? Washington, If only a small portion of a PAC's activity is in connection with state and local elections in Texas, the political committee may be an out-of-state political committee and therefore not . 384 (H.B. DEFINITIONS. 253.105. Sec. 2359), Sec. An organization whose only nonlegislator members are the lieutenant governor or the governor remains a "legislative caucus" for purposes of this section. 253.094. A.3d 1154 (Md. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. CERTAIN ASSOCIATIONS COVERED. June 2, 2019. PACs offer greater accountability and transparency. An officer, director, or other agent of a corporation or labor organization who commits an offense under this subchapter is punishable for the grade of offense applicable to the corporation or labor organization. EXPENDITURE FROM UNLAWFUL CONTRIBUTION. (b) An expenditure under this section is not reportable under Chapter 254. As of Oct. 26, OpenSecrets shows the state's top. 20005. 3.63 & 4.74 Sept. 1, 2003. They have a right to make a living. SELECT A CYCLE 2020 All federal contributions Top Individual Contributors: All Federal Contributions, 2019 - 2020 Export to CSV Showing 1 to 25 of 100 entries Added by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 763, Sec. June 16, 1995. Sept. 1, 2003. ), Correct answers: Suppose that the economy's production function is given by $\mathrm{Y}=\mathrm{K}^{1 / 3} \mathrm{~N}^{2 / 3}$ and that both the saving rate, $s$, and the depreciation rate, $\delta$, are equal to $0.10$. ~~~~~\text{Rent} & & 625.00 & 625.00\\ 1096, Sec. Sec. Tech: Matt Latourelle Nathan Bingham Ryan Burch Kirsten Corrao Beth Dellea Travis Eden Tate Kamish Margaret Kearney Eric Lotto Joseph Sanchez. A state senator that usually considers all options and then chooses the on he or she believes is the best is demonstrating what kind of representational role? (2) subject to the restrictions prescribed by Sections 253.162 and 253.1621. 17(1), eff. June 2, 2019. Why was the Legislative Redistricting Board's multi-member plan invalidated by a federal court in 1971? Sept. 1, 1997. litigation 209 (H.B. The numbers from the table below were taken from campaign finance reports for Texas State Senate and Texas House of Representatives candidates from January 1, 2019, to June 30, 2020, and those were compared with reports from the same time period during the 2018 election cycle. 5.09, eff. 304, Sec. Analyze the figure below, and determine which of the following statements are correct. After linking all campaign accounts to a candidate name, Transparency USA "cleans" the data; in other words, they remove duplicate and sometimes triplicate entries. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. electioneering campaigns and get-out-the vote efforts 253.003. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. ~~~~~\text{Car registration} & &4.33 & 0\\ The drawing of legislative districts to favor one political party over another is known as? COMMUNICATION WITH STOCKHOLDERS OR MEMBERS. 11, eff. This subchapter applies only to a political contribution or political expenditure in connection with the office of: (1) chief justice or justice, supreme court; (2) presiding judge or judge, court of criminal appeals; (3) chief justice or justice, court of appeals; Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 763, Sec. If the legislature takes the action necessary to . Civil rights group: Which of the following are arguments former legislators make to defend taking lobbying jobs after leaving office? 4060), Sec. -31; 4 -50; 6 -100; 2 -150; 2 and more. 1306 (H.B. Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. B. 76.01, eff. There are unconstitutional portions of voting rights act of 1965. 253.033. 253.176. (B) the reports required by Subchapter F, Chapter 254, including in the political committee's first report all political contributions accepted and all political expenditures made before the effective date of the campaign treasurer appointment. Which type of legislative committee is most important? 17(2), eff. 1239 (H.B. The contribution limits under this subsection are: (1) for a statewide judicial office, $25,000; or. (b) A person may not knowingly make or authorize a political expenditure in the name of or on behalf of another unless the person discloses in writing to the person on whose behalf the expenditure is made the name and address of the person actually making the expenditure in order for the person on whose behalf the expenditure is made to make the proper disclosure. June 2, 2019. 899, Sec. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 253.096. While having the biggest campaign account is no guarantee of success at the polls, studies conducted by the Center for Responsive Politics and the Campaign Finance Institute found a strong correlation.[1][2]. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. They are often close to or friendly with other lawmakers. 253.1612. (a) A candidate or officeholder who makes political expenditures from the candidate's or officeholder's personal funds may report the amount expended as a loan and may reimburse those personal funds from political contributions in the amount of the reported loan. 10, eff. -members June 2, 2019. Incorrect answers: Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. Texas is near the top of the nation in measures of social connectedness that lead to civic engagement. (c) Repealed by Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 304, Sec. (d) Repealed by Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. Which of the following are the most common ways lobbyists influence members of the Texas legislature? & &\text{Amount}& \text{Amount}\\ A corporation or labor organization may make campaign contributions from its own property in connection with an election on a measure only to a political committee for supporting or opposing measures exclusively. Fled because they anticipated the Governor calling a second special session and they didn't want to be forced into a quorum. The contribution limits work a little differently for presidential campaigns. Which of the following are examples of incentives that interest groups use to overcome free rider problems? A state court ordered the property to Since the 1990 election cycle, more than two-thirds of this sector's contributions to candidates and party committees has gone to . (c) A person who violates this section commits an offense. (a) A corporation or labor organization may not make a political contribution that is not authorized by this subchapter. Public interest group: Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person required to register under Chapter 305, Government Code, may not knowingly make or authorize a political contribution or political expenditure that is a political contribution to another candidate, officeholder, or political committee, or direct campaign expenditure, from political contributions accepted by: (1) the person as a candidate or officeholder; (2) a specific-purpose committee for the purpose of supporting the person as a candidate or assisting the person as an officeholder; or. 253.157. Incorrect Answer(s) Only contributions to Democrats and Republicans or liberal and conservative outside groups are included in calculating the percentages the donor has given to either party. 1, eff. 384 (H.B. 3233), Sec. SUBCHAPTER B. 17(4), eff. 100% remote. (d) A corporation or labor organization may not make expenditures under this section for: (1) political consulting to support or oppose a candidate; (2) telephoning or telephone banks to communicate with the public; (3) brochures and direct mail supporting or opposing a candidate; (4) partisan voter registration and get-out-the-vote drives; (5) political fund-raising other than from its stockholders or members, as applicable, or the families of its stockholders or members; (6) voter identification efforts, voter lists, or voter databases that include persons other than its stockholders or members, as applicable, or the families of its stockholders or members; (7) polling designed to support or oppose a candidate other than of its stockholders or members, as applicable, or the families of its stockholders or members; or. (Which interest groups contribute the most? Transparency USA matches the lists of candidates who filed to run for Texas House of Representatives or Texas State Senate in the last two election cycles with records of campaign accounts and affiliated political action committees (PACs). A) Super PACs About __% of Texas House seats are considered competitive. Sec. Who submits a recommended budget to the Texas legislature? Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. Suppose that the results were organized in Table AMS 10.1-making each row in the table a pair of values for an individual subscriber. 3233), Sec. 253.162. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. $$. (b) A political committee may not knowingly accept political contributions totaling more than $500 or make or authorize political expenditures totaling more than $500 at a time when a campaign treasurer appointment for the committee is not in effect. 384 (H.B. (b) This section does not apply to a political expenditure made or authorized in violation of Subchapter F. Sec. 4060), Sec. September 1, 2011. Most campaign contributions for Texas legislature races come from ______. An individual who is under 18 years old may make contributions to candidates and political committees, subject to limitations, if:. 384 (H.B. For example, among the states studied, Florida, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Wisconsin all held gubernatorial elections alongside their state legislative elections in 2018 but not 2020. if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; Communications: Alison Graves Carley Allensworth Abigail Campbell Sarah Groat Caitlin Vanden Boom What percentage of the Texas House of Representatives is elected during a presidential election year? (c) A candidate or officeholder who deposits personal funds in an account in which political contributions are held shall report the amount of personal funds deposited as a loan and may reimburse the amount deposited as a loan from political contributions or unexpended personal funds deposited in the account. In the case Evenwel V. Abbott (2016), the plaintiffs argued that legislative districts should be drawn based on what important factor? (f) Repealed by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1, eff. Incorrect answers: !function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var e in a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var t=document.getElementById("datawrapper-chart-"+e)||document.querySelector("iframe[src*='"+e+"']");if(t)(t.style.height=a.data["datawrapper-height"][e]+"px")}}))}(); In 2018, 35.76 percent of the total giving came in during the last months before the election. (c) This section does not apply to a political contribution made by a general-purpose committee.