robert barker paleontologist

Still, there's no denying the impact Owen has had on our understanding of prehistoric life; he was, after all, the man who coined the word "dinosaur," and he was also one of the first scholars to study Archaeopteryx and the newly discovered therapsids ("mammal-like reptiles") of South Africa. The idea that many species of dinosaur were warm-blooded and led active and energetic lives caught on quickly though his theories have drawn strong criticism among his peers. The show airs on PBS this November. Bakker is among the advisors for the Jurassic Park films, and the character Dr. Robert Burke in The Lost World: Jurassic Park is based on him. Born on March 24, 1945 in United States, Robert T. Bakker started his career as paleontologist . Dr. Robert L. Barker is a pulmonologist in Dayton, Ohio and is affiliated with Kettering Health Main Campus. Along the way, he develops some familiar criticisms of ID theory. [2] The fact that this edition of the Bible contained such a flagrant mistake outraged CharlesI of England and George Abbot, the Archbishop of Canterbury, who said then: "I knew the tyme when great care was had about printing, the Bibles especially, good compositors and the best correctors were gotten being grave and learned men, the paper and the letter rare, and faire every way of the beste, but now the paper is nought, the composers boyes, and the correctors unlearned. His father, Robert, Sr., practices endodontic surgery in nearby Delray Beach; his great-uncle Anthony, who died in 2005, at the age of a hundred, was a renowned orthopedic surgeon who wrote. This book will reawaken your inner natural history buff. [1] The T. rex made excellent parents, Bakker said. Methods of selecting such compounds and compositions are also provided. Horner, meanwhile, views it as primarily a scavenger. June 10, 2022; By: Author jake hamilton engagement His parents continued to believe his affinity for paleontology was just a passing phase, Bakker said, up until the publication of his first book. tina childress dillon. Oddly enough, Owen was extremely slow to accept Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, perhaps jealous that he hadn't come up with the idea himself! For almost three decades, Robert H. Bakker has been the leading proponent of the theory that dinosaurs were warm-blooded like mammals, rather than cold-blooded like modern lizards (how else, he argues, could the hearts of sauropods have pumped blood all the way up to their heads?) He revealed the first evidence of parental care at nesting sites for Allosaurus. shelved 51 times. Backer is a caricature of Robert Bakker. Ballantine Books, 1999. His early work was that of scientific illustrator, a skill he incorporated into perhaps his best known work, "The Dinosaur Heresies," published in 1986. Tertiary education: Yale University (B.A., 1968), Harvard University (Ph.D., 1971). Bakker is passionate about teaching paleontology to children and is known for his animated talks that incorporate large interactive illustrations that are awarded to those who answer questions. Education Bachelor, Yale University, 1968. Bakker is most noted most for his theoretical work on dinosaur habits, habitats and extinction. [11], Bakker appears in the 1989 BBC series Lost Worlds, Vanished Lives presented by David Attenborough, in the third episode Dinosaur discussing his theory regarding Tyrannosaurus rex and other theropods being warm-blooded animals. Dinosaurs are a part of the history of life on Earth, not a random monster parade.. Asher shows how bringing together work in developmental biology and genetics with the study of fossils can yield interesting results. Robert Thomas Bakker (born March 24, 1945) is an American paleontologist who helped reshape modern theories about dinosaurs, particularly by adding support to the theory that some dinosaurs were endothermic (warm-blooded). What's potentially so special about this site? Gould's argument about contingency poses a threat to that view. His particular contribution, along with a select cadre of colleagues with contrarian views, was that of the dynamic, endothermic dinosaur model. Darryl Hinton Bob Strauss is a science writer and the author of several books, including "The Big Book of What, How and Why" and "A Field Guide to the Dinosaurs of North America.". He could pronounce euoplocephalus and rhamphorynchus before his parents could. He also worked as an assistant at the University of Colorado. Only 13 left in stock (more on the way). But he definitely endorses the theory that dinosaurs evolved into birds, he was the one who proposed to put the dinosaurs and birds into one clade.[2]. Strauss, Bob. In 1611, Robert Barker printed the first edition of the King James Bible. He has appeared in countless dinosaur documentaries, and continues to push the limits of the paleontological scientific community. According to Jack Horner, part of the waterfall scene was written in as a favor for him by Spielberg. [13][14] Bakker also appeared in the Sega CD version of Jurassic Park.[15]. It wasnt weird prehistoric monsters. Just another site Brown's most famous discovery: the first documented fossils of none other than Tyrannosaurus Rex. He also theorized that the great dinosaur extinction may have been caused by communicable diseases and strongly supported the notion that birds evolved from dinosaurs. The former project is entirely successful, but . T. rex battling Triceratops and losing. Bakkers paleontological field work includes sites in Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Oklahoma, Mongolia, Zimbabwe, Canada, and now Texas. 03/24/45 Role By training, Luis Alvarez was a physicist, not a paleontologistbut that didn't stop him from theorizing about a meteor impact that killed the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, and then (with his son, Walter) discovering actual evidence for the actual impact crater on Mexico's Yucatan peninsula, in the form of scattered remnants of the element iridium. Who knew, for example, that the developing fetuses of baleen whales have rudimentary teeth? Department Head and Professor. Theists who take the anthropocentrist commitment seriously will feel some pressure to say that all of evolutionary history was, in some sense, leading up to us. The 90s were the decade of dinosaurs. His most visible consultancy was for Steven Spielberg's "Jurassic Park" series in which Spielberg introduced, and later killed off, Dr. Robert Burke, a character who was obviously similar to, and complimentary of, Dr. Bakker.Born March 24th, 1945 in New Jersey, he attended Yale University, and later attained his PhD from Harvard. We recommend you to check the complete list of Famous paleontologist He was most notably the printer of the King James Bible, one of the most influential and important books ever printed in the English language. In Washington, Bakker saw the fossil for the first time and was amazed. https://www.thoughtco.com/most-influential-paleontologists-1092057 (accessed March 4, 2023). 0. Robert R Barker, 62. The author or co-author of eight books and about 150 professional papers and articles, he has been featured in numerous magazine articles and television specials and served as a technical adviser for the Jurassic Park films, which based one of their main characters on him. The dinosaur is rare and the flexibility of its body and shortness of its legs suggest it probably was best suited to leafing through dense forest and marshland to hunt. Born on March 24, 1945 in United States, Robert T. Bakker started his career as paleontologist . Bakker says the presentation will raise an eyebrow about the common reputation of the famous Cretaceous carnivore Tyrannosaurus rex. Learn How much net worth Robert T. is in this year and how he spend his expenses? Bakker was one of the technical advisers for the original Jurassic Park movie (along with two other famous figures from the dinosaur world, Jack Horner and the science writer Don Lessem), and a character in the sequel The Lost World, Dr. Robert Burke, was inspired by him. The version of theism that Asher ends up defending is pretty thin, and he struggles at times (e.g., on p. 228) to differentiate it from deism. [4]A. Plantinga, "Methodological Naturalism?" Asher acknowledges that he basically agrees with Stephen Jay Gould's view that science and religion are "non-overlapping magisteria" (p. The Paleontology Section of the Mapping Program maintains and publishes records of Utah's fossil resources and provides paleontological and archaeological recovery services to state and local governments. Department of Philosophy document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This is a text widget. Barker R, Stocker R, Russell S, Roberts A, Kingston A, Adamson J, Hanratty B. The Houston Museum of Natural Science is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that receives no federal or state funding. His endorsement of methodological naturalism places him at odds with others who have different theological commitments. In real life, Bakker has argued for a predatory T. rex, while Bakker's rival paleontologist Jack Horner views it as primarily a scavenger. Bakker was among the advisers for the film Jurassic Park. On the other hand, those who try to draw anti-religious consequences from science are engaging in the same sort of overreaching, but from the opposite direction. Thats just the wrong answer. Tax ID # 74-1036131. He was profiled on location at his Wyoming dinosaur excavation site in an episode of the Discover Magazine (TV series) on The Disney Channel in 1992. He undertakes to show that what we've learned about mammals strongly confirms the central claims of evolutionary theory, especially Darwin's claim that living groups, such as whales and hippos, are related by common ancestry. Working in the late 19th century, Othniel C. Marsh secured his place in history by naming more popular dinosaurs than any other paleontologistincluding Allosaurus, Stegosaurus, and Triceratops. Incidentally, Gould himself seems not to have noticed that his defense of evolutionary contingency might not be consistent with his view that science and religion are "non-overlapping magisteria." | Jul 30, 2019. Meet Bakker in person at his lecture Wednesday, Nov. 4. and also this Saturday, Nov. 7 at the HMNS Dino Days event Breakfast with Dr. Bakker. Sign Up. Mary Anning was an influential fossil hunter even before this phrase came into wide usage: in the early 19th century, scouring England's Dorset coast, she recovered the remains of two marine reptiles (an ichthyosaur and a plesiosaur), as well as the first pterosaur ever unearthed outside of Germany. Literally, the word translates from Greek + Over the years, he has been a wedding band saxophonist, a portrait studio photographer, a newspaper journalist, a sixth-grade teacher, a college instructor, a compost salesman, and a rock climbing guide, but his greatest dream is to publish novels. (Unfortunately, this feud also had a negative impact: so quickly and carelessly did Marsh and Cope erect various genera and species of dinosaurs that modern paleontologists are still cleaning up the mess.). Dinosaurs grew rapidly, evidence for which can be found by observing cross-sections of their bones. Van der Meer, ed.,Facets of Faith and Science, vol. Asher treats us to riveting discussions of the place of living groups, such as monotremes and tarsiers, that seem like intermediate forms; (Chapter 3); punctuated equilibria and species selection (Chapter 4); the evolution of mammalian ear bones from the jaws of our predecessors, the cynodonts, therapsids, and pelycosaurs (Chapter 5); the place of elephants in the mammalian tree of life (Chapter 6); the phylogenetic relationships between toothed and baleen whales (Chapter 7); and the ways in which new molecular evidence has led scientists to rethink earlier phylogenetic reconstructions (Chapter 9). From Asher's accommodationist perspective, creationism and ID theory look like encroachments by religion against territory that properly belongs to science. The history of life made sense. deliveroo architecture; strontium citrate pros and cons Science, he thinks, does conflict with superstitions such as young Earth creationism. Strauss, Bob. Although it was called "Authorized" it was not actually "authorized" by the king, who did take some interest in the work; the entire cost of the printing was undertaken by Barker who ultimately gained little financial reward but some fame for the work. vancouver to lake louise road trip; cory schneider career earnings; how to see missed facetime calls on ipad Parent T. rexes showing affection. Unusually for a paleontologist who has had such an outsized impact on his field, Bakker isn't especially well known for his fieldwork; for instance, he hasn't discovered or named any dinosaurs (or prehistoric animals) of note, though he did have a hand in investigating Allosaurus nesting sitesin Wyoming(and concluding that the hatchlings of these predators received at least a modicum of parental attention). Due to his forceful character and personality and willingness to publicly explain his viewpoints, Bakker has become a much sought after speaker and dinosaur consultant. Also during his tenure at HMNS, Dr. Bakker has lead the investigation of Leonardo, a mummified dinosaur with preserved skin that is now display at HMNS. | The Houston Museum of Natural Science is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that receives no federal or state funding. View Robert Barker's profile on LinkedIn, the world's largest professional community. Bakker currently serves as the Curator of Paleontology for the Houston Museum of Natural Science. [5]S.J. To get to where he is now, Horner had to follow a tough road. There is far more change between dinosaurs and their ancestors (basal, A warm-blooded metabolism is an evolutionary advantage for. I don't believe that such things happen -- not now, not 2000 years ago. For anyone wondering, THAT is how a disagreement between two scientists should go, occasionally poking fun at one another will do much less harm than trying to financially ruin each other like Cope and Marsh did. also know about his Social media accounts i.e. Bakker's fictional novel Raptor Red tells of a year in the life of a female Utahraptor during the lower Cretaceous. Jack Cook, Other Works Like many panorama artists and proprietors were to do for decades after 1802, when Barker's exclusive patent on the . Known for his long facial beard, pony tail, and western sun hat, Dr. Robert T. Bakker is considered one of the most energetic and outspoken of the 1970s generation of American paleontologists who ushered in a new era of dinosaur theories. How can science be religiously neutral if one of its ground rules is theologically controversial? Paperback. Next time you stop byHMNS, see if you can spot these five extremely rare items that are on display. Accommodationists such as Asher are fond of saying that methodological naturalism is "a rule of science" (p. 15). ", https://archive.org/details/thehotbloodeddinosaurs/thehotbloodeddinosaursreel1.mov, https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/attenborosaurus.html, "Go on a Dinosaur Dig with Robert T. Bakker", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_T._Bakker&oldid=1139127709. "Dinosaurs are a part of the history of life on Earth, not a random monster parade." Barker never profited from his history-making enterprise: he died in debtors' prison in 1643.[4]. He has been especially keen on uniting a series of museums located in Colorado and Wyoming to provide better interpretation and study of ancient environments.Bakker has been married four times at last count, and has been called a preacher, teacher, rebel, artist, and general pain in the side of standard scientific attitudes toward his favorite subject. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/most-influential-paleontologists-1092057. The world-renowned dinosaur expert is famous for his energetic and entertaining style, and imagining not only the shape and size and habits of creatures extinct for millions of years, but the entire ecosystems in which they lived. 99. sort by. The bearded paleontologist Dr. Robert Burke, who is eaten by a Tyrannosaurus rex in Steven Spielberg's film The Lost World: Jurassic Park, is an affectionate caricature of Bakker.In real life, Bakker has argued for a predatory T. rex, while Bakker's rival paleontologist Jack Horner views it as primarily a scavenger.According to Horner, Spielberg wrote the character of . robert barker paleontologist. Previously, paleontologists had steadfastly maintained that the giant creatures had been slow behemoths that needed to regulate their temperature by exposure to the sun reptilian style. The early 21st-century version of Edward Drinker Cope and Othniel C. Marsh, but with a much nicer disposition, Paul Sereno has become the public face of fossil hunting for an entire generation of schoolchildren. Robert T. Bakker (born March 24, 1945) is an American paleontologist who helped reshape modern theories about dinosaurs, particularly by adding support to the theory that some dinosaurs were endothermic (warm-blooded). The world-renowned paleontologist Dr. Robert T. Bakker has changed the image of dinosaurs from slow-moving, slow-witted, cold-blooded creatures. Bakker appeared in the 1992 VHS Whatever Happened to the Dinosaurs? Robert T. Bakker appears in the commercial of the Jurassic Park SEGA Game. Replay the tape a million times from a Burgess beginning, and I doubt that anything likeHomo sapienswould ever evolve again. Anos depois, ele se casou com uma das filhas do Dr.Aston de Dublin, com quem teve dois fil [2] hos. No other palaeontologist has had as much of an impact on popular culture as the famous Robert T. Bakker, he is the Neil deGrasse Tyson of palaeontology. In fourth grade, I saw it in a book called The Fossil Book. He just thinks that thin-theism-plus-cultural-affiliation is enough. Many Christians, however, think that the whole point of Christianity is that a supernatural God directly intervened in history. Robert J. Asher, Evolution and Belief: Confessions of a Religious Paleontologist, Cambridge University Press, 2012, 300pp., $24.99 (hbk), ISBN 9780521193832. Since then, the theory of continental drift has done much to advance our understanding of dinosaur evolution; for example, we now know that the first dinosaurs evolved in the region of the supercontinent Pangea corresponding to modern-day South America, and then spread to the rest of the world's continents over the next few million years. jesse mexican martial arts; my dog swallowed a chicken bone; notice to terminate real estate contract colorado; velvet hair keratin toronto; houses with two master bedrooms in port saint lucie atlantic beach zoning map; torvill and dean routines list; sync only some activity types from garmin to strava; walker edison revenue; robert barker paleontologist O mais velho, Thomas Edward Barker, trabalhou com o pai e mais tarde, junto com Ramsay Richard Reinagle, comeou uma competio de panorama no The Strand. Bakker currently serves at the Houston Museum of Natural Science as the Curator of Paleontology. Alvin Plantinga has expressed puzzlement as to why someone who has a prior commitment to Christian theism should espouse methodological naturalism. No one in history (with the possible exception of Adam) has named more prehistoric animals than the 19th-century American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope, who wrote over 600 papers over his long career and bestowed names on nearly 1,000 fossil vertebrates (including Camarasaurus and Dimetrodon). Robert has 4 jobs listed on their profile. Well, later in his career, Marsh saw to it that Cope was denied positions at both the Smithsonian Institution and the American Museum of Natural History! Robert T. is a phenomenal celebrity influencer. Book 1 of 1: Clive Barker's The Great and Secret Show | by Clive Barker, Chris Ryall, et al. ThoughtCo. Lived In Rockford IL, Detroit MI, New Haven MI, Trenton MI. As a Pentecostal,[9] Ecumenical Christian minister, Bakker has said there is no real conflict between religion and science, and that evolution of species and geologic history is compatible with religious belief. Also known as Robert Barler, Bob Barker, Robert Parker, Barker Robert. Much of his printing work was of an official nature, including prayer books, scriptures, and law books. Follow Robert F Barker and explore their bibliography from Amazon.com's Robert F Barker Author Page. He stresses that "understanding how evolution works does not address the potential 'who' or 'why' behind it" (p. xxiii). Where the Dinosaurs Are - The World's Most Important Fossil Formations, The Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals of North Dakota, Tylosaurus: From the Shallow Seas of North America, Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals of England. 10 Facts About Brachiosaurus, the Giraffe-Like Dinosaur, The 10 Most Important Facts About Dinosaurs, How Scientists Estimate the Weight of Extinct Dinosaurs. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Datchet History Article - several pages on the Barker family's activities, ownership of property in Datchet, and some printed sources of information, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Barker_(printer)&oldid=1116477473, Articles needing additional references from January 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2013, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 16 October 2022, at 19:45. Toggle navigation. Paleontologist Robert DePalma, featured in PBS's "Dinosaur Apocalypse," discusses an astonishing trove of fossils. robert depalma paleontologist 2021 25. He leads the museums paleontology field program, currently digging for pre-dinosaur, Permian-era species including dimetrodon in the Texas Red Beds of Seymour, Texas. It's hard to see how one can be a Christian without believing, for instance, in the resurrection that's celebrated on Easter. Bakker has been a major proponent of the theory that dinosaurs were warm-blooded, smart, fast, and adaptable. [6]At the very least, there is a superficial tension here between paleontological science and religious tradition. he is one of famous paleontologist with the age 76 years old group. ThoughtCo. Wiki User. This page is for the layman, for the small-time hobbyist, for the curious person, for the kids and for the university students. The problem here is that if the only form of religion that turns out to respect the boundary that accommodationists draw between religion and science is thin-theism-plus-cultural-affiliation, the religion we're left with seems diminished. Birth (2021, February 16). Robert Asher is a paleontologist who specializes in the evolution of mammals. Often sponsored by the National Geographic Society, Sereno has led well-funded expeditions to fossil sites all over the globe, including South America, China, Africa, and India, and has named numerous genera of prehistoric animals, including one of the earliest true dinosaurs, the South American Eoraptor. Dr. Robert Burke was a paleontologist hired by Peter Ludlow to be the team's resident dinosaur expert. Cambridge University Press, 2000. Bakker has indeed argued that dinosaurs died out as a result of diseases. Strauss, Bob. Paleontologist Science should restrict its focus to questions about how things work, or as Asher puts it, to questions aboutcause. In one memorable line, he writes that "the divinity I see in Christian scripture is the author of the Book of Nature, not its critic" (p. 26). Human beings are what the cosmic drama is all about. Robert T. Bakker (born March 24, 1945, in Bergen County, New Jersey) is an American paleontologist who helped reshape modern theories about dinosaurs, particularly by adding support to the theory that some dinosaurs were endothermic (warm-blooded). it was amazing 5.00 avg rating 3 ratings published 2008 3 editions. "By gum, they read it, and they finally got it," Bakker said. The 12 Most Influential Paleontologists. The Houston Museum of Natural Science is funded in part by the City of Houston through Houston Arts Alliance. The thing we have in common (other than we each bring our own flavor of nerd to the department) is that we all got []. The big issue with dinosaur books is that they are either geared towards kids or they are filled with Ph.D level information and there is no in between, there is nothing out there for the layman, your only option is to put up with the kiddies books until you kinda sorta know enough to understand a university level palaeontology textbook, and even then its a little difficult to understand everything. He also observed evidence in support of Eldredge and Gould's theory of punctuated equilibrium in dinosaur populations. Plains Indian Clothing and Accessories from the Gordon Smith Collection, Unique Attractions at the Houston Museum of Natural Science, Daniel M. Brooks, Ph.D. Expanded Biography, Educator Memberships and Educator-Specific Benefits, Unravel A Marvelous Mystery With King Tuts Tomb Discovery Experience. If by "miracle" you mean the spontaneous failure of natural law due to the contrary influence of some supernatural agency, then no. This has been Robert Bakker, this has been me; and youve been reading Dinosaurs Made Easy. Along with his mentor John Ostrom, Bakker was responsible for initiating the ongoing "dinosaur renaissance" in paleontological studies, beginning with Bakker's article "dinosaur renaissance" in Scientific American, April 1975. mr rosson royal surrey hospital. Robert BarkerApril 19, 1948 - December 18, 2021Robert T. Barker, 73, of Manchester, CT passed away on December 18, 2021, with his family by his side after a two-year courageous battle with cancer.Robe The bearded paleontologist Dr. Robert Burke from The Lost World: Jurassic Park is an affectionate caricature of Bakker, who is eaten by a Tyrannosaurus rex in the film when he hides behind a waterfall. Tax ID # 74-1036131. robert barker paleontologist where is madeira citrine mined. . xiv + 698 pp., 682 figs. The film scene in which Tim says "there's this other book by a guy named Bakker" is used to introduce him. Far from the nicest person on this list, Richard Owen used his lofty position (as superintendent of the vertebrate fossil collection at the British Museum, in the mid-19th century) to bully and intimidate his colleagues, including the eminent paleontologist Gideon Mantell. Bakker, Robert T. was born in 1945 in Ridgewood, New Jersey, SCIENCE/ENGINEERING0. See the IMDb Editors' picks Photos 7 videos Known For Z-Fury Producer (2018) The Sandpit Generals Actor (1971) The Dinosaurs! the dua made at tahajjud is like an arrow what is the purpose of the book of isaiah. His label for those who would explain natural events in terms of supernatural agency is "superstitious" (p. 12). In the story, Bakker elaborates on his knowledge of the behavior of dromaeosaurids ("raptor" dinosaurs) and life at the time of their existence. Among his fellow paleontologists, Bakker is best known for his theory (inspired by his mentor John H. Ostrom) that dinosaurs were warm-blooded, pointing to the active behavior of raptors like Deinonychus and the physiology of sauropods, whose cold-blooded hearts, Bakker argues, wouldn't have been capable of pumping blood all the way up to their heads, 30 or 40 feet above the ground. Robert T. Bakker - Paleontologist Profile. Painting a rich and colorful picture of a lush prehistoric world, leading paleontologist Robert T. Bakker tells his story from within Raptor Red's . T. rex will find you instantly, and all your friends, and the driver of the time-traveling minibus.. A while ago you had the chance to ask paleontologist Dr. Robert Bakker a wide variety of questions. However, the charity which bears his name, the Barker Bridge House Trust, did not originate with him and only acquired his name when he regularised the charity, as the last surviving trustee, just before his death. Adventures of Tiberius the Scribe. I say the two are arch-nemeses but they arent in the middle of a heated war likeCope and Marsh once were (read my post on The Bone Wars to learn more about that), they are just two passionate palaeontologists who have opposing views. In short, paleontology is the study of what fossils tell us about the ecologies of the past, about evolution, and about our place, as humans, in the world. No other palaeontologist has had as much of an impact on popular culture as the famous Robert T. Bakker, he is the Neil deGrasse Tyson of palaeontology. Her numerous discoveries at Dinosaur Coveincluding the big-eyed ornithopod Leaellynasaura, named after her daughter, and the controversial "bird mimic" dinosaur Timimus, named after her sonhave demonstrated that some dinosaurs thrived in the near-arctic conditions of Cretaceous Australia, lending weight to the theory that dinosaurs were warm-blooded (and more adaptable to extreme environmental conditions than had previously been thought).