50 year old crown royal value

From 1973 on this was no longer required. 2021-22 Skybox Metal Universe Neon Icon Connor McDavid SSP Auto 1:6,412 Packs. Why are there multiple entries for the same model ?ELGIN POCKET WATCH, OS, 15J, GRADE 267, VINTAGE 1904, GP HUNTER, SERVICED/RUNNER $99.99 $6.00 shipping or Best Offer 13 watching 1893 ELGIN HUNTING CASE Ornate Antique 18 SIZE MULTI-COLOR Pocket Watch w/HORSE $102.50 11 bids $6.00 shipping 8d 11h 124 YEARS OLD ELGIN 15j 14k GOLD FILLED HUNTER . A good example is the early Very Old Fitzgerald 12yr, which wasn't considered bonded and wore a . This is a paid opportunity. Crown Royal discontinued its XR expression in 2019, and as is sometimes the case when a whisky goes away, there's a new . Thank you sirs! Unlike wine, once whisky, and spirits in general, are bottled they dont age. The whiskeys are aged for a minimum of 3 years in oak barrels. The Crown Royal XO whiskey was a gift to the Royal couple, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth when they visited Canada in 1939. Royal Salute 50 Year Old - Coronation Cask : The Whisky Exchange 14 Things You Should Know About Crown Royal Canadian Whisky 40% ABV. The whiskey was named after the Royals to commemorate the visit of the King and Queen of England. He says Canadian whiskeys are blended so that they keep a uniform taste from one generation to the next. As for the value of these old bottles, it will depend on the type of spirit and the stated age (i.e. having done a taste test with 2 bottles of chivas regal ..on was in my fathers keep for The luxury of the bottles, the legacy is built, and the marketing strategy paved its way to the top. And while it's not the most valuable, Angyal, who moved to Waterloo 10 years ago, said finding the little piece of history in his parents' closet was. With the different ingredients and processes that the Crown Royal uses, the cost fluctuation is something you can expect. He took a bottle of Old Charter with him to the garage. About 5 minutes later he reappeared with a bottle of Old Charter. 81128 Brown-Forman Th 1970 unopened bottle of Crown Royal value. Crown Royal, 1969, 1970 & 1972 Values By DandK, 6 years ago on Wine & Other Vintage Alcohol Values 11,508 Does anyone know the value of Crown Royal, unopened full? YOU MUST FAX / EMAIL ME A COPY OF YOUR DRIVERS LICENSE AT THE END OF THE AUCTION. Crown Royal Canadian Whisky 1969 - World Wide Whiskies Also of note: the bottled in bond code was only enforceable in USA, so its common to see export bottles marked as bondedthat are less than 100 proof. Honk Falls Napanoch NY Pocket Knife Broken Blade, Jackson MICHIGAN Glass Dairy Milk Bottle Coffee Creamer, Rare Retired Model 1970's Disco Slot Machine NR, Northwestern Penny Gumball Machine Vending Lions 1 Cent. Copyright 2023 BottledPrices.com. Delivery Items are typically shipped within 24 hours of confirmed payment and include free delivery confirmation when shipped via USPS Priortiy mail. Earn up to 5% back on this product with Caskers Rewards. The mash bill has 80% of the rye, corn, and barley grains from Manitoba and neighboring provinces in Canada, making the whiskey Canadian. Seagram's started making Crown Royal in 1857, so I am guessing these bottles are from 1957-1964. Sometimes youll find two different 2-digit numbers on the same bottle, often separated by a space or a dash. The only true regulation is that it must be aged for a minimum of three years. The very first batch of Crown Royal was made in Canada in 1939, according to Crown Royal itself, meaning it's been around for over eight decades now. In 1982 the words Tax Paid and Distilled Spirits were removed and replaced with simply Distilled and Spirits on the bottom of the strips. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. So call us nave but call us very happy. Thats my 20 year theory anyway . A bottle of Mist only costs about $15 per bottle. The value will be in the range of 50-75$ If you want to sell your bottle I would recommend to sell them on the internet so you can reach more potential buyers. Canadian whiskies are quite abundant, but because they are blended they tend not to change from one year to the next. Bonded Bourbon, Medicinal Pint, 1916-1925, Rebel Yell 6yr, 90pf, half pint, late 1960s, Old WL Weller Special Reserve 8 year Bonded, 1955-1963, Old WL Weller Special Reserve 7 year Bonded, 1936-1944, Old WL Weller Special Reserve 7 year Bonded, 1940-1948, Makers Mark Limited Edition Gold Wax 101pf, ~1984, Wm. Crown Royal is my favorite booze and I never even knew it used to be Seagram's Crown Royal. In 1974 my father got in a fight with his then wife. The three years minimum is one unifying regulation of Canadian whiskey to get more time to taste better. Read: Crown Royal Whisky vs Pendleton Whisky. The next step is caringforit. I am excited to see if there is any changes when they are of age. 45 years is a safe bet since it was in my Aunts finished basement bar since the early 70s. Whiskey, Rum and Old Spirit Bottle Price Evaluators, How to Make Chocolate Syrup with Cocoa Powder. Id like to know before I potentially poison myself. Your credit card or PayPal account will be charged. We have three bottles, 1969, 1970 and 1972. There are people who do not enjoy the bitterness of grapefruit juice, so those people tend to []. Just to see if their is a difference, wheather good or bad. As you stated , the alcohol level probably got lower through miniscule evaporation but they were probably bottling it at a higher proof in the 60s. $1,850 / 2br - COUNTRY CLUB PLAZA | 2 BED/2 BATH APARTMENT W/PARKING, WASHER/DRYER/AC (Honolulu, HI) . Ive had it 28 years. The Crown Royal deluxe is the primary brand, a blend of 50 different whiskies aged in barrel oaks. In a shaker full of ice, combine all the ingredients and shake well. Find out where to buy Crown Royal 29 Year Old Extra Rare online. Drinking Laphroaig of various casks for over fifty years, I can beleive whiskey in a sealed bottle, not exposed to sunlight, differs little over time. I have recently discovered Irish Whiskey having been a Single malt drinker for many years. Ive fooled people into thinking it was actually a cognac. So a bottle of 1974 Seagrams VO might not be worth anything, but perhaps a bottle of Crown Royal from the 1940s or very early 1950s might have some value. In lieu of brandy. Crown Royal is ok, I would put it near the top of middle of the road whiskeys. Well, as time goes on and oxygen has the opportunity to interact with whats in your bottle, some of the alcohol will evaporate. I cant say whiskey ages in the bottle because that word Is open to interpretation. Opened or not any whiskey over time I believe will have some difference a bottle unopened for 5 years time itself would have to due something you say no it would not what about 20 years 30 years- Im not even considering temperature changes or oxygen just time itself there are no studies on this but how scientific is a taste test even by the so called experts. Crown Royal is a true blend, comprised of fifty whiskies painstakingly blended together to create their signature taste. . Crown Royal Aged 18 Years Extra Rare Blended Canadian Whisky - Drizly Popular Vintages. If you are a fan of soothing and relaxing cocktails, you can try this Royal Flush. The XO is from a selection of whiskies aged in cognac barrels. The brand offers twelve varieties of Canadian whiskey with simple flavor twists yet exceptional. When it comes to the health benefits of Crown Royal, the nutritional facts on its label are pretty good. What I will tell you is that you might as well pick up a new bottle since youll only be paying $15 or so for a handle. Matthew Trueblood Shipping I ship Worldwide via USPS. Also, you can sometimes glean some info from the prefix on UPC codes as to what company bottled/sold the whiskey: 80244 Buffalo Trace If the tax stamp seal is not broken, then you may find an avid Crown drinker who would be interested in them. Crown Royal Vanilla Nutrition Facts. Its BS to say that bourbon wont age in a bottle. Crown Royal Fine De Luxe Blended Canadian whiskey, Get the shaker filled with ice, then mix lemon juice with the liquors. Required fields are marked *. But if you have a air tight bottle from 1966 it will taste the same as a bottle from 2016. It was King George VI, and his spouse, to be exact. (I think) there should be an exact date stamped on the sticker strips over the cap? Crown Royal Whiskey Prices, Sizes & Buying Guide (2023) Thanks for looking and happy bidding! Jul 24, 2004 The first watch Elgin made, an 18 sized B W Raymond Very smooth.wonderful I loved every drop. Also, the liquor is 80-proof, so the alcohol content is not too bad. Incidentally, the term fifth for a bottle of liquor comes from the fact that the standard size for many years was 1/5 gallon. Where to auction or sell? Get the shaker filled with ice, then mix lemon juice with the liquors. Inside King Charles III's $25 Billion Real Estate Empire . Typically these older bottles or specialty bottles that were originally produced to be collector's items are not worth much money at all. This gem of a flavored whisky is far from vanilla, at least in the boring sense. Bottle contains 33 1/2 Writer, author of Fix the Pumps, chemist, beekeper and general do-er-of-things, Darcy can generally be found looking for new and interesting things to do, usually over a cocktail. Our two-hour delivery guarantee promises your order will be delivered within two hours from the time you receive your order confirmation. All content on this website is for informational and educational purposes only. Other whiskies of interest. I was very surprised to taste caramel type flavor in it. To this day, Macallan has continued their partnership with Lalique as prices within this line begin. I was going to sell them on ebay but I guess it is illegal to mail alcohol unless you are a dealer. Your email address will not be published. Berkele Sour Mash Whiskey, Bonded Pint, 1914-1925, The Classic Cask Bourbon, Batch GL-107, 17yr, 90.8pf, 1985-2002, The Classic Cask Rye, Batch RW 108, 22yr, 90pf, 1981-2004, The Classic Cask Rye, Batch RW-109, 21yr, 90pf, 1983-2005. And while another user correctly pointed out that whiskey won't age in the bottle, it can change a bit simply depnding on how it was stored/lighting and whatnot. Crown Royal: A Canadian Whisky That's A Popular Choice For Cocktails At a friends cookout, there was a group of us admiring an unopened 1968 bottle of Crown Royal when some bimbo twisted the lid and broke the seal. In fact, Canadian Whisky is about whats not in it more than what it contains. Agreed, if there's been some flavor drift this bottle could be different. The biggest Crown Royal is a 1.75L bottle. The classic milkshake flavour is easy to make and anything but boring. We do not sell your personal information. The Crown Royal offers a unique signature blend that affects the pricing of the Canadian whiskey. I ended up finding 2 really old bottles of sealed Seagram's Crown Royal at my grandpas. Crown has been blessed with great marketing over the years, just like Jack Daniels. For flair, garnish with an orange peel the smell is nice while sipping. More flavors like apple, peach, vanilla, and salted Caramel are available and best for cocktails. Insurance is always an option included with all listings. The product stops aging once bottled but does evaporate over time. I look forward to having it each year which we did just tonight. . Crown Royal Whiskey Price Guide 2023 - Hangover Prices I opened an 3 year bottle of crown royal it was smoother. For the most part, any bottle of unsealed high proof spirit should be safe as weve seen by the sales of very old scotch whiskies. Read: Crown Royal Whisky vs Pendleton Whisky. What is an unopened bottle of 1969 Crown Royal worth on average? I still have a touch of it left. My daughter returned today from Toronto airport where she was recommended by a sales person in the duty free area to purchase a particular whisky calledNorthern Harvest Rye.this was the most amazing palatable dram I have tasted in years it ticked all the boxes. Also, since spirits are high proof (80 proof or 40% ABV) and ethanol is a very stable molecule, plus the water is extremely stable, there is only a very small amount of compound in aged spirits that could theoretically age. While vanilla flavoring can often taste faker than one of those robotic "there is a warrant out for your arrest" scam calls, Crown Royal Vanilla manages to capture the true essence of the pricey bean. King John is said to have lost the Crown Jewels in quicksand in 1216. Royal Salute 50 year old is a blend of robust and powerful whiskies each matured in oak casks for a minimum of 50 years, resulting in a deep and sumptuous whisky. The Crown Royal was a third and successful attempt by Samuel Bronfman, President of Seagram, for a super-smooth line of, Vintage bottles are, of course, very expensive. It is done aging as soon as they pull it out of the barrel. Have a 50 plus year old Bottle of Crown Royal With seal still intact. Crown Royal XO | Signature Whisky | Crown Royal Dang it was the best! Put an orange peel or lemon twist on the top. Does it get better with age? 80432 Wild Turkey Why You Should Buy Costco's Kirkland Signature Whiskies - Forbes I believe the term whiskey means des tilled so if that is the case then there is nothing in it to age. Im much more interested in hearing your opinion. Because of prohibition, it would be extremely rare to find a pre-1920 bottle, but that would fetch some good coin if you found an interested buyer. From 1934-1944, the top of red strips have no series listed near the eagle. jc1985. More than simple flavor twists, like many spirits offer, Crown Royal presents truly unique adaptations of its signature blend. My my wife reminded me that in the other cupboard were a few other bottles of alcohol that her father had already opened. Use that orange for another garnish of orange peel it looks great, your guests will love it! All I know is I recently discovered a bottle of Jim Beam that has been in my pantry since at least before 1995 (probably before that. If they have been opened, then air has had a chance to interact with the whiskey in those bottles for five decades. We store it in a dry cupboard in a dark corner. Over the years, Crown Royal embraced the innovations of the whiskey industry by making Flavored Whiskies. Empty old whiskey bottles can be valuable to collectors also and can be listed on eBay to identify any interest. I saved 2 bottle of Royal Salute one blue and one brown about 35 years ago. Ones on ebay with the same certificates say from the 1950's. 80686 Jim Beam (newer OGD) The Untold Truth Of Crown Royal - Mashed.com Common Recipes: What Goes With Crown Royal Whisky? 96749 Heaven Hill. 80660 Barton Brands Everything, even a rock ages. Press J to jump to the feed. The bottles that will attract the most interest would be anything pre-prohibition, or items that are out of production. BID WITH CONFIDENCE Read my policies on my SquareTrade Seal stwithpolicies, If this item contains incorrect or inappropriate information please, Relevant Exploring the World One Drink at a Time since 2005. 3. Spirit of Waterloo: Tech worker revels in discovery of 55-year-old Add lemon twist as garnish. From there, the brand has blossomed into arguably the most iconic Canadian Whisky. Its a 1 liter bottle od Dewars White Label. Below is an example of a faux strip, though they were brand specific and styles vary (click to enlarge). The whiskey improves with age if its left in the cask, but it is hard to notice when it is bottled. Some people like to pretend its more high end then it is I think. Combine all ingredients in said glass. The Crown Royal XR is the perfect example of a higher price point earning its value. XO. Recently I sampled a bottle of similar age and the flavour tasted fine. Our History Our Home Our Process Mashbill: 90% Rye, 10% Undisclosed. The aging process for the nearly 50 different whiskies used to make Crown Royal is done in Gimli, Manitoba. I have a 7 year old bottle of Glenfarclas 21 year aged highland malt scotch that is fabulous. Following prohibition, from 1935-1964 the following text was required by the government: Federal Law Forbids Sale or Reuse of this Bottle.. 75cl / 40% 350 Below is an example of a bonded tax strip (click to enlarge). I dont think it tastes that way when new. try pappy van winkle 20 or 23 year. I am not aware of any such organization. So, I have a sealed bottle of Crown Royal XR (extra rare) which was part of the last batch found from the Waterloo Distillery in Ontario after it burned down way back when. For example, a bottle of Glenavon whisky from 1851 sold for about $29,000. But I do know for sure that it does mellow. For What It's Worth: Crown Royal XR - InsideHook I wouldn't mind trying out some vintage booze. The one we have been drinking was gifted to us. Crown Royal, 1969, 1970 & 1972 Values | Drinks Planet It also says made in England on the bottom.. Canadian is a famous brand and a good choice for Canadian whiskey in bars. It is a blend of 50 different full-bodied Canadian whiskies that is then aged until deemed acceptable. It contains 96 calories per 15-ounce serving and is considered low in calories and saturated fat. The bottles that will attract the most interest would be anything pre-prohibition, or items that are out of . The Liquor Laboratory is intended for adults over the age of 21 and the legal drinking age. I wouldnt necessarily say that theyve gone bad; they will just be different. The Crown Jewels have had a turbulent history. Some bottlers have used date codes, also known as dot matrix codes, to denote the day/time the bottles were filled, and sometimes other information such as the particular bottling line. This new 18 year old whisky is the oldest in Crown Royal's current lineup. It seems that all the alcohol has evaporated over the years since the decorative bottle was made of porcelain instead of glass very disappointed after all these yearslesson learned. Thats a really neat idea for your new child! The memory of early flavours was not present when we opened the sister Laphoraig bottle at our appointed time. In have a bottle of five star that sealed from 1985 what would that be worth now a days? There are several clues to assist in identifying the year and distillery of whiskey bottles. Sherry. Fast-forward to 2010. Until 1958, the maximum age federal law permitted for bottled in bond bourbon was 8 years, so even if a bottle was 100 proof and met all the other criteria for bonding, it wouldnt be considered bottled in bond if it was aged longer than 8 years. Liked it? If my parents bought a bottle of Irish whiskey 40 years ago, drank some, and its been sitting in the cabinet ever since, is it still good? What is the value of my 1969 vintage crown royal on swivel cradle 1.75 lite What is a bottle of unopened 1967 crown royal worth ? 60 Things You Didn't Know About The Crown - The Crown Facts I don't wan't it. However, this bottle might interest a collector as it came from the old Waterloo Distillery, which was closed in 1992 and then burned down. Before we go any further, lets define what aging is in relation to whiskey. Both of us were shocked at how smooth and mellow this stuff was. Also because of prohibition, there are few, if any, vintage bourbons, but something like Old Taylor Whiskey (a medicinal prohibition whiskey) would command a hefty price. According to . That's kind of funny to me. Above: Osborne House, East Cowes, Isle of Wight. 20 hours ago $1,850 / 2br - COUNTRY CLUB PLAZA | 2 BED/2 BATH The locals call the brand CC, and a classic bottle costs around $20, which makes up for the price point. Needless to say say, I put it back next to the other 2 unopened bottles of the same type. Perhaps another reader can chime in? It is simply about what you are expecting in a Canadian whisky and what you intend to do with it. The federal government began requiring a health warning on liquor labeling starting in 1989. This doesnt seem to have applied to red strips. The reason it's funny to me is because the only place I've ever seen Crown Royal advertised (besides a few magazines) is on the sides of liquor stores, usually alongside advertisements for Night Train or OE. 41 Facts About the Royal Family You Probably Didn't Know - Newsweek The result is layers of intensity that are both surprising and delightful. While I cannot give you an exact answer, I will tell you this its probably not worth any more than the day it was purchased. I have a bottle from the 50s, still in the box with certificate of authenticity ( didn't know they made those, but it checks out), not really worth much as in money but I'm a big crown fan so its cool to have. Extinct Canadian whisky, like Canadian Masterpiece Whisky, may be worth more but the trouble is finding a buyer. Amongst them was another bottle of Bundaberg Gold. . + C $17.69 shipping. I have a 64 year old unopened bottle of Crown Royal. Crown Royal Reserve Canadian Whisky - The Scotch Noob Some will argue that with less alcohol comes less flavor, while others will say that less alcohol means more of a chance to taste the whiskey. Royal Salute 21 Year Old Blended Scotch Whisky | prices, stores The drinker of the house was sick & died then). 1963 1973 1983 1988 1993 2002 2005 More. However, you can drink it with ice because even in a small amount of water, the whiskeys aroma will open up to make your drink more enjoyable. All in all, the signature series are the most popular Crown Royal choices available locally and internationally. Kind of like saying goodbye to an old friend. US bottles used the imperial system until 1980 (pint, quart, gallon, 4/5 quart, etc.). Starting August 16, 1954, the bonded statement was updated to read: This bottle has been filled and stamped under the provisions of sections 5008 and 5243 Internal Revenue Code. This reduces the value significantly since the perception is that something bottles in 1951 would taste the same as a 2005 bottling. So the only thing that really happened is that it does get get weaker if it has a cork. Brent on October 24, 2018 at 5:34 am # Reply; . Below is an example of a 1961-1977 style strip (click to enlarge). In the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020, the Crown Estate pulled in more than $700 million, with more than $475 million in profits. I absolutely love the Peach Crown Royal. Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom. Not bad, really. There are no further shopping results for Crown Royal 10 Year Old Bottled 1974 but you might be interested to try some of these brands and bottlings. 6 months later tried againjust as bad. Chivas Regal Royal Salute 21 Year Old Blended Scotch Whisky - The Sapphire Flagon, Scotland 700ml. Does Whiskey Age in the Bottle? | Whiskey-Reviews.com The bottle wasnt open for 3 years. C $883.51. I have over 70 bottles and have seen many different boxes but none in a brown box with the seagrams crown logo. The newest release is Crown Royal Aged 18 Yearsa surprisingly excellent whisky that you can snag for less than $200 if you find the right retaileris well worth giving a try. 86259 National Distillers (older OGD and OT) But here is the issue is seemed much smoother and more rounded than I ever remember, has it matured, are my taste buds less sensitive or more tuned to the flavour of the spirit. The reason wine ages are because of the chemical nature of the wine. Better than some of Beams chi-chi pricey bourbons on the market today. Johnnie Walker Blue Label Review After that, several brands continued with a faux tax strip, which looked similar to a tax strip but wasnt an official government item. Maybe it would affect taste ever so slightly, but I doubt any regular person would notice or care (and no professional would bother). As long as it sits on the required minimum years to ferment in barrels, the whiskey will be more diverse and creative. Hi! Crown Royal Extra Rare 18 Year Old Blended Canadian Whisky Canada Avg Price (ex-tax) $ 164 / 750ml 4.5 from 3 User Ratings 92 / 100 from 2 Critic Reviews Critic tasting note: "A new release for 2022, this blended Canadian whiskey has a tawny hue and rich vanilla and maple aromas. My oldest (10yrs) I purchased a bottle of gentleman jack from Jack Daniels (his name is jackson) and my youngest (9yrs) a bottle of crown royal. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. We only provide the approximate prices. Another great whiskey debate does your bottle play a factor in the aging process? How much is a bottle of unopened 1968 Seagrams Crown Royal Whiskey/ w bag w How much is an Unopened 1/2 Gallon bottle of 1963 Crown Royal worth? PayPal--eBay's service to make fast, easy, and secure payments for your eBay purchases! While it must rest in a cask for those three years, the Canadians care not which kind of cask it sleeps in. The last dram of a bottle is always memorable, though! I see that it should be still good, but was wondering if the taste is the same as the original? Items in the Price Guide are obtained exclusively from licensors and partners solely for our members research needs. Bottles from a more local place can range from $25 to $200 and up depending on the ingredients and distillation process. I dont if what happens once its bottled can be called aging, but I truly believe that the whisk(e)y will change over time once you crack the seal and introduce air to the spirit. Old Crown Royal is worth money? The Crown Royal was a third and successful attempt by Samuel Bronfman, President of Seagram, for a super-smooth line of whiskey. Ive done the same as Anna and purchased both of my sons bottles of alcohol to give to them as a wedding present or just to enjoy with them on their 21st birthdays. up for sale is 1 EXTREMELY RARE SEAGRAMS CROWN ROYAL CENTENARY EDITION 1957 UNOPENED BOTTLE with box & bag Vintage 1957 Crown Royal Whiskey Bottle with box & bag (50 years old!) Many whiskies, wines, champagne, and other spirits are available on the market. Collector 56+yrs.USPAP compliant. The blending and bottling processes are carried out in Amherstburg, Ontario. Effective July 1, 1938, the Internal Revenue code mandated that bonded spirits display the following statement: This bottle has been filled and stamped under the provisions of Section 2903-9, inclusive Internal Revenue Code. A typical bottle of CC, as the locals call it, can come in around $20. Other distilleries use date codes that are more cryptic. Britain's monarch has the right to veto a family member's marriage. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); All content Copyright Whiskey-Reviews.com, April 26, 2012 41 comments. And naivety may very well be the case when it comes to those individuals. Is it still good? March 2, 2022 by Cullys Kitchen. I dont drink alcohol, and was given a bottle of 12 year old Chivas Regal in 1986, it came in one of those silver cylinder containers. However, Crown Royal has valid reasoning behind their higher priced products. Crown Royal Branded Whisky - Master of Malt As stated by the Surgeon General of the United States, pregnant women should refrain from drinking alcohol as it increases their babys probability of having congenital defects. Know what to, In a shaker full of ice, combine all the ingredients and shake well. Chinese Old Coin Yuan Shikai Chinese One Yen Silver Coin (#385414378310) Size 750mL Proof 92 (46% ABV) *Please note that the ABV of this bottle may vary. A blend of up to 50 different whiskeys aged in oak barrels.